Amanita Virosa: A mushroom native to North America that usually springs up after heavy rains. The toxin in the Amanita Virosa, also known as the death angel or destroying angel, is a relatively small protein of eight amino acids, a cyclopeptide, called a-amanitin. This protein is fatal to humans through its destructive effect on nuclear RNA in liver cells. When filtered through the kidneys, it attacks the convoluted tubules and instead of entering the urine is reabsorbed into the bloodstream and re-circulated, causing repeated liver and kidney damage. Unlike many fungal toxins it does not cause symptoms right away. 6-24 hours after ingestion there may be an early feeling of unease, followed by violent cramps and diarrhea. Typically this is followed by an apparent recovery, when the victim may be released from the hospital or think his ordeal over. Yet within a few days death may result if a liver transplant or other heroic measures are not performed. This is the most deadly fungus known, and despite years of detailed research into the toxins it contains, no antidote exists against their effects on the human body. Mortality is 50 to 90 percent, and any chance of survival depends on early recognition

-World Library 586.3038

Jerry